Nabiollah Gholami; Hussein gholami
Abstract
Explaining new phenomena and events in various fields using macro and interdisciplinary theories and strategies is on of the practical tools for better understanding of these phenomena in order to adopt appropriate management-executive approaches to them. Therefore, understanding the concept of "Sovernment ...
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Explaining new phenomena and events in various fields using macro and interdisciplinary theories and strategies is on of the practical tools for better understanding of these phenomena in order to adopt appropriate management-executive approaches to them. Therefore, understanding the concept of "Sovernment Crime" as a systematic violation of citizens' rights by the government, under "Game Theory" as one of the strategic theories to explain phenomena and events in the fields of social sciences and international relations, is a matter that is both from the perspective of understanding and promotion. The so-called government crime literature is worthy of attention in terms of attention to the objective and practical aspects of identifying and responding to government crimes. Therefore, in this article, considering the state and citizens as two main actors in different fields, and using the principles and elements of game theory, it has been argued that the actors participating in a game have rationality and by calculating their possible profit and loss participate in the game process and seek maximum profit and minimum loss. These actors reach equilibrium at a point known as the saddle point - in which each actor has gained a certain amount of profit and loss. This point is the point where it is no longer possible to receive more profit and less loss for any of the parties, and if the game continues, they will suffer a decrease in profit and an increase in loss. Finally, it has been concluded that the states, with tools such as bringing other actors into their playing field with citizens, using rents and information tools, changing the rules and regulations governing the game, cause the balance to be disturbed and the saddle point to be shifted to turned towards themselves and thus cause systematic violation of citizens' rights.
Hussein gholami; davood khaksar
Abstract
The new perspectives of criminology,penology and criminal sociology, which are based in part on the reformation and treatment of criminals and their social rehabilitation, have affected the criminal law, which has led to stinging the punitive rights and Proof of inefficiency of some types of punishment, ...
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The new perspectives of criminology,penology and criminal sociology, which are based in part on the reformation and treatment of criminals and their social rehabilitation, have affected the criminal law, which has led to stinging the punitive rights and Proof of inefficiency of some types of punishment, including imprisonment. The process of modifying punishable thoughts and reforming the prison system's structure and the use of alternative prisoners are on the agenda, and the Iranian legislator has been devoted about 5% of the articles of (1392) penal code to such punishments. However, it should be determined what factors lead to the use or non-use of punishments? What challenges do judges face to face with the use of these corrective and therapeutic tools? Answering these questions was done by analyzing court verdicts, which was conducted in this research using SPSS analytical software. As a result of this study, it can be said that some types of alternative prison sentences, including daily cash penalty and general utility services, are ineffective, and some variables, including the type of crime, the type of punishment, the criminal record of the accused work, are influential on the type and amount of sentences of imprisonment by judges.
